Contratos publicitarios en el Anteproyecto de Ley del Código Mercantil

El Anteproyecto de Ley del Código Mercantil planea regular los contratos publicitarios entre los contratos de prestación de servicios mercantiles y sobre bienes inmateriales. El régimen legal proyectado transpone gran parte del contenido normativo de la vigente Ley General de Publicidad con algunas alteraciones significativas, prescinde de disposiciones generales de la contratación publicitaria e introduce nuevos tipos contractuales, el reclamo y la permuta publicitariosEste trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del II PCTRM 2007-10. Proyecto 08774/PHCS/08. Fundación Séneca-Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia

SerAPI: Machine-Friendly, Data-Centric Serialization for COQ: Technical Report

We present SerAPI, a library and protocol for machine-friendly communication with the COQ proof assistant. SerAPI is implemented using Ocaml's PPX pre-processing technology, and it is specifically targeted to reduce implementation burden for tools such as Integrated Development Environments or code analyzers. SerAPI tries to address common problems that tools interacting with COQ face, providing a uniform and data-centric way to access term representations, proof state, and an extended protocol for document building. SerAPI is work in progress but fully functional. It has been adopted by the jsCoq and PeaCoq Integrated Development Environments , and supports running inside a web browser instance. For the near future, we are focused on extending the document protocol and providing advanced display abilities to clients

A Roller (Coracias garrulus) presumably nesting in a White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) nest

Els llocs escollits per a la instal·lació del niu del gaig blau són molt diversos i estan relacionats amb la seva distinta disponibilitat. Aquí es presenta una observació d'un gaig blau que presumiblement criava en un niu de cigonya en una devesa boscosa de la província de Badajoz on la disponibilitat de nius no era un factor limitant per a la reproducció. Un gaig blau adult es va observar mentre portava una llagosta al bec en el moment que entrava en un forat entre les branques situades a la base del niu. Aquest comportament es podria explicar per la major defensa que les espècies grans fan del seu niu, cosa que donaria al gaig blau un avantatge en la defensa del seu propi niu

Really Natural Linear Indexed Type Checking

Recent works have shown the power of linear indexed type systems for enforcing complex program properties. These systems combine linear types with a language of type-level indices, allowing more fine-grained analyses. Such systems have been fruitfully applied in diverse domains, including implicit complexity and differential privacy. A natural way to enhance the expressiveness of this approach is by allowing the indices to depend on runtime information, in the spirit of dependent types. This approach is used in DFuzz, a language for differential privacy. The DFuzz type system relies on an index language supporting real and natural number arithmetic over constants and variables. Moreover, DFuzz uses a subtyping mechanism to make types more flexible. By themselves, linearity, dependency, and subtyping each require delicate handling when performing type checking or type inference; their combination increases this challenge substantially, as the features can interact in non-trivial ways. In this paper, we study the type-checking problem for DFuzz. We show how we can reduce type checking for (a simple extension of) DFuzz to constraint solving over a first-order theory of naturals and real numbers which, although undecidable, can often be handled in practice by standard numeric solvers

Determinants of Food Safety Level in Fruit and Vegetable Wholesalers’ Supply Chain: Evidence from Spain and France

Food safety management in short supply chains of fruit and vegetables, controlled by large retailers, has been widely studied in the literature. However, when it comes to traditional long supply chains, which include a greater number of intermediaries and wholesalers who, in some cases, play a dual role as resellers and producers, the mechanisms which promote the use of safety certifications have yet to be clearly defined. The present study intended to fill this gap in the literature and shed light on the food safety level that exists in this channel. In addition, this work attempted to identify the existence of differences between both sales systems. For this purpose, the empirical research studied the most important variables that influence the food safety level of some of the main European fruit and vegetable wholesalers. A survey was thus designed and later applied to Spanish and French intermediaries working in key wholesale markets and in the southeast of Spain, which is the leading commercialization area of these products in Europe. The results revealed the positive influence of specific customers (big retailers) on establishing stricter safety controls within wholesale companies. It was also observed that specific wholesalers also play an important role in the system, namely those dedicated to importing, but which are also responsible for quality and safety inspection of agri-food products exported from third countries into the European Union

An algorithmic discrete gradient field and the cohomology algebra of configuration spaces of two points on complete graphs

We introduce an algorithm that constructs a discrete gradient field on any simplicial complex. We show that, in all situations, the gradient field is maximal possible and, in a number of cases, optimal. We make a thorough analysis of the resulting gradient field in the case of Munkres' discrete model for $\text{Conf}(K_m,2)$, the configuration space of ordered pairs of non-colliding particles on the complete graph $K_m$ on $m$ vertices. Together with the use of Forman's discrete Morse theory, this allows us to describe in full the cohomology $R$-algebra $H^*(\text{Conf}(K_m,2);R)$ for any commutative unital ring $R$. As an application we prove that, although $\text{Conf}(K_m,2)$ is outside the "stable" regime, all its topological complexities are maximal possible when $m\geq4$.Comment: 29 pages, 18 figure

The Ciao clp(FD) library. A modular CLP extension for Prolog

We present a new free library for Constraint Logic Programming over Finite Domains, included with the Ciao Prolog system. The library is entirely written in Prolog, leveraging on Ciao's module system and code transformation capabilities in order to achieve a highly modular design without compromising performance. We describe the interface, implementation, and design rationale of each modular component. The library meets several design goals: a high level of modularity, allowing the individual components to be replaced by different versions; highefficiency, being competitive with other TT> implementations; a glass-box approach, so the user can specify new constraints at different levels; and a Prolog implementation, in order to ease the integration with Ciao's code analysis components. The core is built upon two small libraries which implement integer ranges and closures. On top of that, a finite domain variable datatype is defined, taking care of constraint reexecution depending on range changes. These three libraries form what we call the TT> kernel of the library. This TT> kernel is used in turn to implement several higher-level finite domain constraints, specified using indexicals. Together with a labeling module this layer forms what we name the TT> solver. A final level integrates the CLP (J7©) paradigm with our TT> solver. This is achieved using attributed variables and a compiler from the CLP (J7©) language to the set of constraints provided by the solver. It should be noted that the user of the library is encouraged to work in any of those levels as seen convenient: from writing a new range module to enriching the set of TT> constraints by writing new indexicals

Port-City Development: The Spanish Case

[Abstract]: The objective of this paper is to try to evaluate the port-city relationship from its onset, taking into account the challenges of port 4.0. Indicators such as the percentage of employees participating in training programs, the percentage of female employees in Galician ports, the percentage of merchandise moved by private operators and the percentage of companies with quality certification in Galician ports are evaluated. The fourth revolution is based on the transition from current fossil fuel-based energy models to alternative energy sources, changes in the logistics and transport parameters and finally, on the elimination of intermediation. The key component of the third pillar of new Economy 4.0 is complete digitalization. The optimum port-city solution must address the need of both the urban planner and the port manager to evaluate potential measures that would alleviate the pressure of dedicated port facilities on the city and vice versa to the greatest extent possible